Shape memory materials and 4D printing in pharmaceutics

Shape memory materials (SMMs), including alloys and polymers, can be programmed into a temporary configuration then recover the original shape in which they were processed response to triggering external stimulus ( e.g. change temperature or pH, contact with water). For this behavior, SMMs are currently raising lot of attention pharmaceutical field where could bring about important innovations current treatments. 4D printing involves processing by 3D printing, thus adding evolution over time already numerous customization possibilities new manufacturing technology. SMM-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) proposed scientific literature here reviewed classified according target pursued through recovery process. Administration route, therapeutic goal, shape, stimulus, main innovation features possible room for improvement DDSs especially highlighted.